1G,2G,3Gand Finally 4G

1G:- First generation

On April 3, 1973, Motorola employee Dr. Martin Cooper placed a call to a rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel, head of research at AT&T's Bell Labs, while walking the streets of New York City talking on the first Motorola DynaTAC prototype in front of reporters. Motorola has a long history of making automotive radio, especially two-way radios for taxicabs and police cruisers.

In 1978, Bell Labs launched a trial of the first commercial cellular network in Chicago using AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System), but this network was not approved by the FCC until 1982.

The first commercial launch of cellular telecoms was launched by NET in Tokyo Japan in 1979. In 1981 the NMT system was launched in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

The first handheld mobile phone in the US market was the Motorola Dyna 8000X, which received approval in 1983.

2G:- Second Generation

In the 1990s, 'second generation' (2G) mobile phone systems such as GSM, IS-136 ("TDMA"), iDEN and IS-95 ("CDMA") began to be introduced. In 1991 the first GSM network (Radiolinja) opened in Finland. 2G phone systems were characterized by digital circuit switched transmission and the introduction of advanced and fast phone-to-network signaling. In general the frequencies used by 2G systems in Europe were higher than those in America, though with some overlap

• The second generation introduced a new variant to communication, as SMS text messaging became possible, initially on GSM networks and eventually on all digital networks.

• 2G also introduced the ability to consume media content on mobile phones, when Radiolinja (now Elisa) in Finland introduced the downloadable ring tone as paid content.

3G:-Third Generation

Not long after the introduction of 2G networks, projects began to develop third generation (3G) systems. Inevitably there were many different standards with different contenders pushing their own technologies. Quite differently from 2G systems, however, the meaning of 3G has been standardized in the IMT-2000 standardization processing. This process did not standardize on a technology, but rather on a set of requirements (2 Mbit/s maximum data rate indoors, 384 kbit/s outdoors, for example). At that point, the vision of a single unified worldwide standard broke down and several different standards have been introduced.

Finally Now 4G which can attain a very high data rate of 20–40 mbit/s and very efficient QoS provider for all classes of users and many more options

so the now we came finally to 4G

Mobile Phone Generations

As mobile communication has evolved in 1920's but the implementation came to existence form 1946

so as the research work was added new features and QoS of mobile communication has been added
so their are two types of communication

half duplex:A half-duplex system provides for communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously).

full duplex:A full-duplex, or sometimes double-duplex system, allows communication in both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen simultaneously.

so based on the features added the generations of mobiles has been classified
1G,2G,3G
G:-Generations

A History of Cellular Telephone Development

Now a days cellular communication has become a part of human life the trends of mobile communication is as follows

1920s - 1940s

• Research on frequency characteristics at Bell Labs
• Edwin H. Armstrong invents frequency modulation in 1935.
• Motorola develops the world's first hand-held portable two-way radio system, the Handie-Talkie.
• AT&T introduces a mobile radiotelephone service in St. Louis in 1946. Calling is manual (operator invoked) and is half-duplex (i.e., requires that users "push to talk.").

1947

• The cellular concept "materializes from nowhere" at Bell Labs. The use of low powered transmitters in cells permits greater capacity since frequencies can be reused in non-adjacent cells without cross-talk audio interference. The smaller the cells, the more often frequencies can be reused. Handoff is required when mobile units move between cells.
• The FCC approves citizens' band radio (CB) service. The rapid expansion of this service and the demand for hand-held CB radio units fueled the development of portable radio units.

1950s

• The FCC declines to allocate significant frequencies for mobile radio.
• Bell Labs Scientists & Engineers continue low level of investigation into the cellular concept and publish a number of internal papers.

1960s

• The FCC denies new spectrum for mobile radio, but convenes the "Advisory Committee for Land Mobile Radio Services" to examine the congestion in land mobile telephony.
• AT&T "dusts off" cellular concept and begins serious work on it again.
• AT&T develops mobile telephone service for the Amtrak Metroliner. It was a primitive forerunner of today's cellular systems, in which calls were handed off from base to base as the train progressed, triggered by sensors along the tracks.
• The FCC opens Docket 18262 (known as the "Cellular Docket")

1970s

• The FCC reallocates 115 MHz in the upper portion of the TV UHF band and sets aside new frequencies (64 MHz) for "land mobile communication." A decade of legal disputes over who gets what ensues.
• The FCC authorizes AT&T to test the cellular concept in real urban conditions in Newark and Philadelphia.
• Patent 3663762, MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, applied for by Bell Labs.
• Bell Labs files its classic "High-Capacity Mobile Telephone System Feasibility Studies and System Plan" report to the FCC. The report covered not only the technology of a cellular system, but service features, coverage, capacity growth, customer opinions on quality, and costs as well.
• Bell Labs develops a microprocessor-based handoff system with fully digital switching. Low-cost frequency synthesizers are also developed.
• The FCC grants experimental licenses and decides to authorize construction of two developmental systems: one in Chicago (licensed to Illinois Bell) and a second serving Baltimore, Md. and Washington, DC (licensed to American Radio Telephone Service Inc. (ARTS), now Cellular One, in partnership with Motorola).
• The first commercial cellular system is installed in Tokyo by NTT in 1979.

1980s

• The Nordic countries introduce a mobile phone system similar to AMPS in 1981.
• The FCC adopts rules creating a commercial cellular radio telephone service.
• On October 13, 1983, the pilot commercial cellular system of Illinois Bell begins operating in Chicago. The second pilot system run by ARTS in partnership with Motorola begins operation in Baltimore/Washington on December 16, 1983.
• By 1984, Washington, DC has two competing cellular providers,
• By 1988, many cellular systems (particularly New York and Los Angeles) are already becoming overloaded as the promise of nearly infinite expansion of capacity from cell splitting turns out to be more costly and difficult than foreseen.

1990s

• Cellular construction permits have been issued for at least one system in every market in the United States.

1992

• Cellular Subscriber count tops 10 million.

1994

• Bell Labs engineers Joel Engel and Richard Frenkiel win National Medal of Technology for their work in cellular telephony.
• Irwin Jacobs, CEO of Qualcomm, wins the National Medal of Technology for Qualcomm's development of CDMA.

1995

• Cellular Subscriber count tops 25 million.
• The PCS frequency bands are approved by the FCC(Federal communication Commission)
  , launching new competitors to existing cellular systems.

1997

• Cellular Subscriber count tops 50 million.

4G communication

while going on to 4G u may get doubt about the G so.....

G?? is the generation of of mobile services

The 4G comm is MIMO(multiple input and multiple output) which can attain a data rate up to 20–40 mbit/s

why 4G

It is all about spectrum. Marconi pioneered the wireless industry 100 years ago.
Today life does not seem possible without wireless in some form or the other. In
fact wireless permeates every aspect of our lives. The demands on bandwidth and
spectral availability are endless. Currently wireless finds its widest expression in
fixed and mobile roles. In the fixed role, wireless is used extensively for data
transfer, especially from desktop computers and laptops. In the mobile role, wireless
networks provide mobility for use from fast vehicles for both voice and data.
Consequently wireless designers face an uphill task of limited availability of radio
frequency spectrum and complex time varying problems in the wireless channel,
such as fading and multipath, as well as meeting the demand for high data rates.
Simultaneously, there is an urgent need for better quality of service (QoS), compared
with that obtainable from DSL and cable.